Thursday, October 3, 2013

WEEK 14: LEARNING ENTRY (VIRGIN GROUP: CASE STUDY)




What is Business Level Strategy?
A business level strategy refers to a set of actions a business organization intends to undertake in order to improve on its competitiveness,  service delivery and customer relations. It involves identification and competencies in core areas in order  to  gain  comparative advantage over other firms. A business level strategy is a key to market possessions and penetration to new areas due to low cost of operations. Organizations core competencies should be focused  on satisfying customer needs or  preferences  in order to achieve average returns. Customers are  the foundation or essence of an  organizations business level strategies. Who will be served, what needs have to be met, and how those needs will be satisfied are determined by the senior management. (smallbusiness.chron.com/business-level-strategies/)

Corporate Level Strategy:
Corporate level strategy is the overall  strategy  for a diversified company or organization. It is usually concerned with the mix of businesses that the company should compete in and also  the ways on  which  individually strategy units  are integrated and co-ordinates.  Corporate strategy refers  to overall strategy for  a diversified company.  Companies have the best  chance of being successful at diversification if they capitalize on the existing relationships between business units  by having them transfer skills and share activities. (isc.hbs.edu/firm-corpstrat.htm)




BUSINESS LEVEL STRATEGY
CORPORATE LEVEL STRATEGY
It  refers  to the strategy  that helps  businesses to  compete  in the market place to gain a competitive advantage
It refers  to the strategy  that is prevalent for the whole  organization as a single unit
The mid level managers  make the decisions.

Decisions  are  made  by the top  level managers
It acts as a strategy  only  for  a single strategic business unit (SBU)
It acts as a strategy  for an organization as a whole  and relates  to  firms overall purpose and scope
The kind of strategy concerns with how to best utilize resources  with the help of SBU
This kind of  strategy  concerns  high  level of acquisition and allocation of resources
It requires different sets  of strategies  for  different product line
It requires only one strategy so as to function the organization as a whole.

Discuss the corporate parenting style of virgin group.
Virgin group is a British multinational branded venture capital conglomerate company  founded  by business  tycoon Sir Richard Branson.  It is one of the world's most  recognized  and respected brands. Its core business areas  are travel, entertainment and lifestyle and it  consists  of more than 400 companies.  It being one of the world's most recognized and respected brand, employs approximately 50,000 people in 34 countries with more than 200 companies working under same virgin parental control management system.
   
According  to the resource based view point,  the resources  which are  valuable,scarce,difficult to  imitate and can't be  substituted  by  another resource are considered as competitive  advantage for the company. From this view point  Virgin group has  a couple of competitive advantages.  The comparative advantages of Virgin Group are decentralization of organizational structure and flexible in decision making allows an entrepreneurial environment for managers to pursue their business effectively, while avoiding the bureaucracy associated with large centralized corporations.
Virgin has chosen strategic alliance and joint venture differentiation and also applied the strategy of corporate social responsibilities.As per written in the case study, Virgin group stands for value for money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense of competitive challenge,they empower and encourage their employees so as to deliver customer experience continually and consistently generating flexibility and shared beliefs among the customers and employees. Virgin group companies are a part of one big family rather than a hierarchy, thus operates with a decentralized  power.
Case Study questions
1) What  type of corporate parent is Virgin  (portfolio manager,  synergy manager or parental  developer)?
The group is a family rather than a hierarchy offering  short lines of communication and flexible  response capability. Even though the companies run  their own affairs they help each  other in  the process  (virgin,n.d.a). They hold  the key executive positions  within the individual  operating companies  (Pryce,2009). Virgin group is more  of a parental developer type of corporate.  It looks at its employees as its own competence and proficiency  to add value to its businesses. Managers are free to make decisions independently for growth  and feel the same degree  of  ownership and values. The corporate parent virgin  groups brand name itself act as a great value and benefit to  the company overall.

2) How does the virgin group as a corporate parent and add value to its businesses?
The virgin group comprises of an assorted mix of all the businesses. It has its ''finger in every pie'' . The group has diversified into 200 businesses. Sir Richard Branson is the most important ingredient to all the up to date successes. The virgin brand name is by far the most  important asset of the company. Being known as the Customers Champion, as it has done wonders for all the public.  The virgin group's rationale is to extend  its  businesses into many market as possible and in a very low cost and also  reduce barriers to  enter  into static market. 

Some of the value adding activities for virgin group  are mentioned below:-

 Understanding of institutionalised Markets 
Virgin’s management team have done many research in identifying satisfaction in the market. It is this expertise/experience coupled with the strategy to offer more for less that has help the Group plough through complacent business industries. (Abdul)

Brand name
The Virgin brand name is a consumer’s champion and as mentioned previously is a much respected brand with the British public.
Any company, corporation or organisation in a joint venture with the Virgin Group has the benefit of limiting its risk in the market place. This reiterates the point made in the last paragraph.
A flat management structure helps encourage innovation; provides flexibility and promotes the values of shared ownership and responsibility.
Virgin’s senior staff consists of individuals with successful careers. The Group acquires like-minded partners in ventures who match their ability to innovate and differentiate.
The airline industry like many industries is cyclic. This proved to be dangerous by 2001, as Virgin seemed to rely entirely on the profits of Virgin Atlantic. Deregulation increased the competition in the market place. All in all most compositors were experiencing losses.
Virgin Rail
The biggest problem faced by the Virgin Group was the Strategic Rail Authority’s Review in 2000 because it was the most public. Virgin Rail was voted the most “unpopular” rail operator; and if that wasn’t enough the statistics: Virgin ranked 23 rd and 24 th out of 25 operators, was ample reason for Sir Richard Branson to feel a stake go through his reputation  (Abdul)

Risk  Limitation  

Less restriction

Innovation 
These collective innovative thoughts and ideas are applied directly into business; which most often bare fruit. For example Virgin Mobile formulated partnerships with existing telecommunications operators to retail in mobile services. The Virgin management team successfully identified that the complacency was in the handling of network management. Their innovation led them to promote unique services that shock-up the market. These included “no line rentals”, “no monthly fees” and “cheaper prepaid” offers. Irrespective of the fact that Virgin Mobile did not actually operate it own network it had won the best wireless in the UK. (Abdul)






3) What is the logic of portfolio? Why do you think they are in the mobile, telephone, travel, financial services, leisure , music, holidays and health and wellness?

An analysis of elements of a company's  product mix to determine the optimum allocation of its resources. The two most common measures used in a portfolio  analysis are market growth rate and relative market share. The main logic of a portfolio is basically to minimize risk. It helps   in the proper balance of profit and loss of business. When some business have higher risk and higher return   or lower risk and lower return portfolio helps them to keep them balanced. In other words it helps to solve a problem  of unbalanced risks that may arise of that exists in the business. 

Once a Virgin Company is established several factors contributes to its successes.  The power of  the brand name and the founder itself Sir Richard Branson,  the unparalleled network of friends, contacts and partners.  The management style  and the commitment from the company itself to offer something different to all its customers. 

In order to diversify the risk and to minimize its effects and also maximize the profit and distribute its loss Virgin group  is associated with many other businesses.  

4)  What are the main risks facing Virgin groups as a result of their strategy?  How might they be reduced?
The main risk facing virgin group as a result of their strategy may be,  because one of the major weakness is the leaders ability to say no.

Extensive Portfolio
 It has to many a large number of businesses and any inaccuracy might lead to huge risks for the whole Group as here, one affects the other.


Virgin Atlantic


 Less Diverse
Virgin should become less diverse. Its name has become dilute and its brand a purely endorsement brand. The brand name alone isn't enough. The pubic are sensitive and have become smart. Virgin as a corporate parent can add feasible value to its businesses by investing and developing real proficiency. On one side it without doubt “limits risk”. On the other hand it sends out a clashing signal to consumers. How can Virgin be “daring” when Sir Richard Branson value adding process is to limit risk? That is a question we should work towards eradicating.

Change in Strategy
The Virgin Group should change its policy to accommodate both independent and joint ventures to rely upon short-term profits on a few of its businesses for the sake of raises capital and release the ‘ring-fenced’ policy so that important revenue making Virgin Atlantic can be bailed out during the low times. Monies can be returned to the short-term ventures when the busy season arrives. The idea is to not restrict yourself to a policy of philosophy. Philosophies and policies should be such that can strategically change with time and environment.  


References:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/21694481/Virgin, accessed on 7th october, 2013
Oliver Furrer,Routledge,Corporate Level Strategy:theory and application, September 6, 2010




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